INTRODUCTION Essays (681 words) - Jack London,

INTRODUCTION Jack London (1876-1916) was easily the most successful and best-known writer in America in the first decade of the 20th century. He is best known for his books, The Call of the Wild, White Fang, and The Sea-Wolf, and a few short stories, such as To Build a Fire and The White Silence. He was a productive writer whose fiction traveled through three lands and their cultures such as the Yukon, California, and the South Pacific. His most famous writings included war, boxing stories, and the life of the Molokai lepers. "He was among the most influential people of his day, who understood how to use the media to market his self-created image of a once poor boy to now famous writer"(biography of Jack London). He left over fifty books of novels, stories, journalism, and essays. BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION London was born in San Francisco to an unmarried mother, Flora Wellman. His father may have been William Chaney, a journalist, and lawyer. Because Flora was ill, for eight months Jack was raised by an ex-slave, Virginia Prentiss. Late in 1876, Flora married John London, a partially disabled Civil War veteran, who adopted Jack. The family moved around the Bay area for a while before settling in Oakland, where Jack completed grade school. When he was young, London worked at different hard jobs. He searched for oysters on San Francisco Bay, served on a fish patrol, sailed the Pacific on a sealing ship, hoboed around the country, and returned to attend high school at age 19. During that time, he became familiar with socialism. He ran unsuccessfully several times for Mayor of Oakland. London's great love became agriculture, and he often said he wrote to support his Beauty Ranch in Glen Ellen. He brought techniques observed in Japan, like terracing and manure spreading and used them on his farm. Troubled by physical problems, during his thirties, London developed kidney disease. He died on November 22, 1916. Following his death, for a number of reasons a myth developed in which he was made up to be an alcoholic womanizer who committed suicide. But it was proved wrong. But its rumor has resulted in neglect of his books and his popularity. His writings became translated in several dozen languages, and he remains more widely read by other countries around the world, than in America LITERARY INFORMATION Because he read so much, he chose to become a writer as an escape from the terrible life as a factory worker. He studied many famous writings and began to submit stories, jokes, and poems but most came without success. His experiences when he was a boy, later formed books for boys' adventure stories like The Cruise of the Dazzler (1902) and Tales of the Fish Patrol (1905). A committed socialist, he insisted against editorial pressures to write political essays and insert social criticism in his fiction. Spending the winter of 1897 in the Yukon, he began publishing in the Overland Monthly in 1899. Many were books were written during this period of his life he told stories in The Son of the Wolf (1900), Children of the Frost (1902), Smoke Bellew (1912). Although The Call of the Wild (1903) brought him lots of fame , many of his short stories also became famous, like The People of the Abyss (1903), and the same for his discussion of alcoholism in John Barleycorn (1913). London's concern for the outcasts of society were notably written in The People of the Abyss (1903), a harrowing portrayal of English slum life and The Road (1907). His struggle to become a writer is recorded in his autobiographical novel, Martin Eden (1909). London's long voyage (1907-09) across the Pacific in a small boat also created more books about the cultures he saw. He helped break the fear that people had about leprosy. After their marriage he followed with a book he co-wrote with Anna Strunsky, The Kempton-Wace Letters, which said that mates should be selected for good breeding, not love. (Bess agreed.) London's fiction and political writings express a strong commitment to his belief individualism and socialism. Bibliography BIBLIOGRAPHY "Biography of Jack London" The Jack London collection (DL SUNSITE) "Jack London Search Results" BIOGRAPHY.COM. "London, Jack" Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. 1996 ed.

A Biography of Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander

A Biography of Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander As a leading civil rights, political, and legal advocate for African-Americans and women, Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander is considered to be a fighter for social justice. When Alexander was awarded an honorary degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1947, she was described as: â€Å"[...] [A]n active worker for civil rights, she has been a steady and forceful advocate on the national, state, and municipal scene, reminding people everywhere that freedoms are won not only by idealism but by persistence and will over a long time[†¦]† Some of her greatest achievements where: 1921: First African-American woman to receive a Ph.D. in the United States.1921: First African-American to receive a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Pennsylvania.1927: First African-American woman to enroll and earn a law degree from the University of Pennsylvania.1943: First woman to hold a national office in the National Bar Association. Alexanders Family Legacy Alexander came from a family with a rich legacy. Her maternal grandfather, Benjamin Tucker Tanner was appointed the bishop of the African Method Episcopal Church. Her aunt, Halle Tanner Dillon Johnson was the first African-American woman to receive a license to practice medicine in Alabama. And her uncle was internationally acclaimed artist Henry Ossawa Tanner. Her father, Aaron Albert Mossell, was the first African-American to graduate from  the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1888. Her uncle, Nathan Francis Mossell, was the first African-American physician to graduate from the University of Pennsylvania Medical School and co-founded the Frederick Douglass Hospital in 1895. Early Life and Education Born in Philadelphia in 1898, as Sarah Tanner Mossell, she would be called Sadie throughout her life. Throughout her childhood, Alexander would live between Philadelphia and Washington D.C. with her mother and older siblings. In 1915, she graduated from the M Street School and attended the University of Pennsylvania School of Education. Alexander graduated with a bachelors degree in 1918 and the following year, Alexander received her masters degree in economics. Awarded the Francis Sergeant Pepper fellowship, Alexander went on to become the first African- American woman to receive a Ph.D. in the United States. Of this experience, Alexander said â€Å"I can well remember marching down Broad Street from Mercantile Hall to the Academy of Music where there were photographers from all over the world taking my picture.† After receiving her Ph.D. in economics from University of Pennsylvanias Wharton School of Business, Alexander accepted a position with the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company where she worked for two years before returning to Philadelphia to marry Raymond Alexander in 1923. The First Female African-American Lawyer Soon after marrying Raymond Alexander, she enrolled in the University of Pennsylvanias Law School where she became a very active student, working as a contributing writer and associate editor on the University of Pennsylvania Law Review. In 1927, Alexander graduated from the University of Pennsylvania School of Law and later became the first African-American woman to pass and be admitted to the Pennsylvania State Bar. For thirty-two years, Alexander worked with her husband, specializing in family and estate law. In addition to practicing law, Alexander was served as Assistant City Solicitor for the City of Philadelphia from 1928 to 1930 and again from 1934 to 1938. Trumans Committee of Human Rights The Alexanders were active participants in the Civil Rights Movement and practiced civil rights law as well. While her husband served on the city council, Alexander was appointed to President Harry Trumans Committee of Human Rights in 1947. In this position, Alexander helped to develop the concept of a national civil rights policy when she co-authored the report, To Secure These Rights. In the report, Alexander argues that Americans- regardless of gender or race- should be granted the opportunity to improve themselves and in doing so, strengthen the United States. Later, Alexander served on the Commission on Human Relations of the City of Philadelphia from 1952 to 1958. In 1959, when her husband was appointed as a judge to the Court of Common Pleas in Philadelphia, Alexander continued to practice law until her retirement in 1982. She later died  in 1989 in Philadelphia.

That Confusion

5 Cases of Which/That Confusion 5 Cases of â€Å"Which†/â€Å"That† Confusion 5 Cases of â€Å"Which†/â€Å"That† Confusion By Mark Nichol Perhaps you are confused by grammatical discussions of restrictive and nonrestrictive or essential or nonessential clauses. (I know I can never keep those terms straight.) Never mind the nomenclature; when you’re editing your own writing, or someone else’s, simply read the phrase that follows a which (or who) or a that and determine whether the phrase that follows is parenthetical (it can be removed with no change of meaning to the sentence) or it is integral to the sentence. Here are five sample sentences followed by explanation of the problem and a revision. 1. â€Å"The inventor of the Etch A Sketch toy that generations of children drew on, shook up, and started over, has died in France, the toy’s maker said.† The use of that to serve as a grammatical bridge between the name of the product and the phrase describing how it was used implies that more than one type of product called the Etch A Sketch exists; the one that children used as described is, according to this sentence construction, one of two or more types. When that is replaced with which, and which is preceded by a comma, the sentence structure makes clear that the existence of other Etch A Sketch products is not implied: â€Å"The inventor of the Etch A Sketch toy, which generations of children have drawn on and shaken up before starting over, has died in France, the toy’s maker said.† (Note, too, that I have altered the wording explaining how the toy is used and have changed the tense to indicate that the product is extant.) 2. â€Å"It was a time when tensions were growing between the black and Jewish communities that had previously been aligned in efforts to affect social change.† The point of this sentence is not what had occurred between certain communities of black and Jewish people, but what the entire black and Jewish communities had experienced. The restrictive force of that must be replaced by the parenthetical purpose of a comma followed by which: â€Å"It was a time when tensions were growing between the black and Jewish communities, which had previously been aligned in efforts to affect social change.† 3. â€Å"Police are probing allegations of incidents involving the renowned astrophysicist who is paralyzed.† The phrase â€Å"the renowned astrophysicist who is paralyzed† distractingly refers to the concept of astrophysicists who are not paralyzed. However, â€Å"who is paralyzed† is merely additional information appended to the factual statement, and should be attached with a comma followed by who (the equivalent of which): â€Å"Police are probing allegations of incidents involving the renowned astrophysicist, who is paralyzed.† 4. â€Å"The company’s incident-response team can quickly and reliably identify events, which threaten an organization’s security posture.† Here and in the example below, the problem in the previous sentence is reversed: This statement implies that all events are threatening. Replacing the comma and which with that corrects that impression by restricting the meaning to refer specifically to threatening events: â€Å"The company’s incident-response team can quickly and reliably identify events that threaten an organization’s security posture.† 5. â€Å"The court ruled this week that a law passed last summer, which gave five top government-office holders immunity from prosecution, was illegal and must be revoked.† This sentence construction suggests that the summer, rather than the law, granted immunity. Removal of the bracketing commas and replacement of which with that integrates the central point into the framing sentence: â€Å"The court ruled this week that a law passed last summer that gave five top government-office holders immunity from prosecution is illegal and must be revoked.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†Used To vs. Use Toâ€Å"Least,† â€Å"Less,† â€Å"More,† and â€Å"Most†

Federal Reserve Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Federal Reserve - Essay Example The Board of Governors is appointed by the President who controls the functions of the Federal Reserve System. There are Federal Reserve Banks which operates in major cities of US. The major objectives of the Federal Reserve System are aimed at the welfare of the US economy. The Federal Reserve System in US is responsible for maximizing the employment opportunities in US, stabilizing the prices in US economy and achieving stability in long term interest rates (Wells 58). The monetary policy is designed by the Federal Reserve System of US. The other functions of the central banking system in US include regulation of the banking structure that includes the government and the private players as well as the advisory councils. The central bank also provides financial services to other depository agencies. The overall financial stability of the economy of US is the responsibility of the Federal Reserve System. Before the Federal Reserve System was set up in 1913, there were around 30000 cu rrencies in the economy of US. Many business houses and even the drug dealers could issue currency notes for financial transactions. This created a situation of instability in the economy of US. ... Apart from this, the various currencies in US had different denominations and values. The absence of a standardized currency created difference and problems among the traders. The business, imports and exports all suffered due to the presence of varying numbers of currencies and absences of standardized form of currency in the economy of US. The Federal Reserve System of the US was created to standardize the currency of the economy of US and thereby establish a position of stability in the economy (Grey 98). The Federal Reserve System provides a central banking system to the economy of US where the business and he individuals could deposit their money in the standard currency of US dollar. The depositors could also withdraw their money from the Federal Reserve System at the time of need. These withdrawals took place in the same standardized currency of US dollars. Thus the Federal Reserve System could drive away the intermediate currencies and their varying values and established a s tandardized form of currency to be followed by the customers and traders in order provide an organized monetary system and sufficiency in liquidity. The US economy invariably needs the Federal Reserve System in the economy without whose functions there would be ample distortions in the economy that would hamper the economic growth of US. This could be understood from the roles and responsibilities of the Federal Reserve System and the implication on the US financial and economic system in absence of its role. The Federal Reserve System plays the role of balancing between the centralized role of the government for the welfare of the economy and the private interests of the

Drugs addiction and musicians Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Drugs addiction and musicians - Research Paper Example Drug addiction among musicians of specific genres of music seems to be higher compared to some other genres of music. A recent study by the University of California, Berkeley’s School of Public Health found out that illegal drug use in rap music has increased by six times since 1979. It is the fear of many parents and public health officials that the trajectory in rap music poses serious threat to the society particularly among the youth. Pop and rap music is very appealing to majority of young individuals, most of whom are looking up to rap, jazz and pop artists as their role models (Yang para3). This paper delves into drug addiction and musicians, particularly addressing the reasons as to why drug addiction is so omnipresent in musical circles. Drugs have often been associated with music scenes, and celebrated musicians such as Miles Davis, Jimi Hendrix, and Keith Richards, have been addicted to drugs at one time or another. The close relationship between drug addiction and musicians is well reflected in a short fiction by James Baldwin â€Å"Sonny’s Blue†. In this story, an African American schoolteacher disagrees with his younger brother â€Å"Sonny† about his ambition of becoming a musician. Soon after Sonny is arrested for heroin use and sent to rehab. After a short while, he watches Sonny performing at a Jazz club and he feels deeply connected and enlightened with Sonny’s blues (Baldwin 21). However, what is apparent from the story is that Sonny is suffering from drug addiction and he is a musician. He displays characteristics of a drug addict such as being introspective and quiet person with tendency of withdrawing inside himself. He is also wild and behaves in a manner that is not expected of him. Nonetheless, he has passion for jazz music and he goes ahead to become a successful musician (Baldwin 42). Sonny is in a community of many other musicians who are addicted to drugs. Considering the positive and negative effe cts of drug addiction on musicians, it is critical to examine the various aspects related to these two issues. There is no doubt that drug addiction is very common in musical circles. In fact, there are numerous evidences of famous musicians who have battled alcoholism and drug addiction for better part of their music career and some have even succumbed to drug addiction. Famous politicians such as Bob Marley, Britney Spears, Keith Richards, Jimi Hendrix, Whitney Houston, Amy Winehouse, and Michael Jackson among others battled with drug addiction. So, why are drugs so omnipresent in musical circles? Many musicians use drugs largely because drugs including alcohol are extremely prevalent in the music industry (The Music of Orrin Hatch para3). Every music events, big and small, have people using harder drugs; music industry is considered a â€Å"party industry† and it is somewhat expected apart from entertainment, there should be upbeat emotions during performance. In many case s, drugs are used in the musical circles to enhance entertainment, as well as in enhancing emotions. It is for this reason that drug use has become part of music culture where famous music stars and even fans have made it a mainstay. It now appears awkward to many musicians mainly in pop, rap, and jazz music industry not to use drugs

Empirical Formula of a Hydrate-CE Essay Example for Free

Empirical Formula of a Hydrate-CE Essay Conclusion and Evaluation: Aspect 1 Based on the interpreted data of group A, the empirical formula of aluminum chloride did not stay the same. The expected empirical formula was. In group A the empirical formulas are as followed Group Name Empirical formula Laurie Jordan Rica, Victoria Stephanie Vince Josh Jane Kaityln So, as a group, we all had a different outcome of the empirical formula but the percent composition of water is the same for all. 11.2% for hydrogen and 88. 8% for oxygen as shown in table #7.3. A random error would be the measurement of the hydrate crystal. A scoopula was used to measure 3g. Also another one would be the electronic balance having an uncertainty of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.001g. A systematic error would be heating the evaporating dish through a wire mesh instead of a clay triangle. You notice that the theoretical yield and experimental yield values are shown in a pie graph. Both of the pie graphs are the exact same as both percentages are 11.2% and 88.8%. In these pie graphs, neither trends nor patterns apply. Aspect 2 The procedural weaknesses are stated above. For example the measurement of the hydrate crystal wouldve affected the lab. There wasnt an accurate measurement so that couldve affected the weight of the final product or the reaction of the product. Another weakness was that the evaporating dish was being heated through a wire mesh instead of a clay triangle. The wire mesh had a white coating on it, so therefore the evaporating dish was being heated indirectly and the wire mesh would absorb the heat itself. This would affect the heating process of the evaporating dish and the substance inside of it. There were a few assumptions made in this particular lab. They are as followed Assumption Possible effect on the result All of the moisture was removed from the evaporating dish If all the moisture wasnt removed, then an accurate and precise reaction isnt obtained. The aluminum chloride was pure If impure aluminum chloride was used then other products could have formed The only substance reacting with the aluminum chloride was itself as a hydrate form This could have had other reactions which therefore will affect the products formed. All of the aluminum chloride hydrate evaporated Could possibly effect the measurement of the weight 3g of aluminum chloride was added to the evaporating dish Obviously if there were less or more than 3g added, it will affect the outcome result The quality of the data was fair. The precision and accuracy of the aluminum was absent since it was measured by a scoopula and estimation. Although, the same balance was used to weigh all the masses, therefore the accuracy of those measurements were present with the exception of the uncertaintyà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.001g. Aspect 3 If this lab were to be redone, I think that everything should stay the same besides 2 factors which are the use of wire mesh and the measurement of the hydrate crystal. If we were to use a clay triangle instead of the wire mesh, the evaporating dish would have been directly heated instead of being indirectly heated. This would remove the systematic error. A better precision and accuracy would be obtained if we actually used a measuring device. For example, a measuring spoon wouldve been more accurate than the scoopula. Using the same balance for all masses would obtain greater control of variables and reduce the random error.

Common Issues in Romanticism Essay example -- Romanticism Essays

The key figures in Romanticism addressed many of the same issues. Such connectivity is marked in William Blake’s poems â€Å"Infant Sorrow† and â€Å"On Another’s Sorrow†, and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Shelley, like Blake, argues for continual development of innocence to experience, and through the character of Victor Frankenstein’s creation, Mary Shelley suggests the equilibrium of innocence and experience offers insight into the human condition. The shift is distinguished by what Blake states in plate 3, stanza 2 of â€Å"The Marriage of Heaven and Hell†: â€Å"Without contraries is no progression† (112). Any event, idea, or emotion that is contrary to the innocent human conscience is a progression to experience. In Frankenstein, the balance and shift of innocence and experience is evidenced by the creature’s observance of the De Lacey’s, the misfortune that befalls him in his wandering, and finally, the progr ession of experience reaches maturation through murder. A careful analysis of the creature’s initial human interaction shows a steady shift from innocence as the creature experiences the world around him. Frankenstein’s creation is simple and child-like in conscience yet aged and abhorred in appearance. Although a paradox, the creature is akin to an adult child: innocent and naà ¯ve, but forced to experience the world. Blake recognizes this concept in his poem â€Å"Infant Sorrow† in which he states, â€Å"Into the dangerous world I leapt: / Helpless, naked, piping loud, / Like a fiend hid in a cloud† (ll. 2-4). One rarely thinks of a newborn baby as a â€Å"fiend†. It seems more believable to observe the grotesque form of the creature as a fiend. However, both the infant and Frankenstein’s creation entered the world with veiled and â€Å"clouded† eyes, unable ... ... for his actions, likewise, humans continue to, at the least, coexist with their fellow man, abiding by laws and regulations. It is hopeful then that in the world today, the balance of innocence and experience is not entirely overturned. Works Cited Blake, William. â€Å"The Marriage of Heaven and Hell†. The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The Romantic Period. Eighth Edition. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2006. (111-120). Blake, William. â€Å"Infant Sorrow†. The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The Romantic Period. Eighth Edition. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2006. (95). Blake, William. â€Å"On Another’s Sorrow†. Classical Poetry: Songs of Innocence. Passions in Poetry Foundation: 11 Nov. 2008. . Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. Second Edition. Boston/New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2000.